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'' '' The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg and Metz (Diet of Metz (1356/57)) headed by the Emperor Charles IV which fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, important aspects of the constitutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire. It was named the ''Golden Bull'' for the golden seal it carried. In June 2013 the Golden Bull was included in the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register.〔(Memory of the World - The “Golden Bull” – All seven originals and the “King Wenceslaus’ luxury manuscript copy” of the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek ), www.unesco.org〕 ==Background== According to the written text of the Golden Bull of 1356 Though the election of the King of the Romans by the chief ecclesiastical and secular princes of the Holy Roman Empire was well established, disagreements about the process and papal involvement had repeatedly resulted in controversies, most recently in 1314 when Louis of Bavaria and Frederick of Austria had been elected by opposing sets of electors. Louis, who had eventually subdued his rival's claim on the battlefield,〔Friedrich Heer, trans. Janet Sondheimer, ''The Holy Roman Empire'' (New York: Federick A. Praeger Publishers, 1968), p. 117〕 made a first attempt to clarify the process in the Declaration of Rhense of 1338, which renounced any papal involvement and set restricted the right to chose a new king to the prince-electors. The Golden Bull, promulgated by Louis's successor and rival, Charles IV, was more precise in several ways. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Golden Bull of 1356」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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